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Excerpt from Benign Vulvar LesionsSynonyms, Key Words, and Related Terms: vulvar diseases, vulvar disorders, nonneoplastic epithelial disorders, non-neoplastic epithelial disorders, benign tumors, hamartomas, cysts, congenital vulvar malformations, benign dermatoses, vulvar dystrophies, vulvar dystrophy, vulvar atrophy, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasms, VIN, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule, urinary meatus, vaginal orifice, hymen, Bartholin glands, Skene ducts, lichen sclerosus, squamous cell hyperplasia, primary irritant dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, lichen planus, hidradenitis suppurativa, Behçet disease, Behcet disease, benign vulvar tumors, benign vaginal tumors, Fox-Fordyce disease, vulvar vestibulitis syndrome, Hailey-Hailey disease, pemphigoid Please click here to view the full topic text: Benign Vulvar LesionsIn the last few years, interest in vulvar disease has greatly increased. However, the relevant material has been scattered throughout the literature of various specialties, including dermatology, genitourinary medicine, gynecology, and pathology. The spectrum of involved specialties reflects the complexity of vulvar diseases and the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in the study of the vulva. In response to the various approaches of the specialists faced with treating vulvar disease, the World Health Organization, the International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists have made an effort to standardize the nomenclature. Some general anatomic, embryologic, and histologic findings of the vulva bear review. The vulva is the part of the female genital tract located between the genitocrural folds laterally, the mons pubis anteriorly, and the anus posteriorly. Embryologically, it is the result of the junction of the cloacal endoderm, urogenital ectoderm, and paramesonephric mesodermal layers. This hollow structure contains the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule, urinary meatus, vaginal orifice, hymen, Bartholin glands, and Skene ducts. Different epithelia, from keratinized squamous epithelium to squamous mucosa, cover the vulva. The labia minora are rich with sebaceous glands but have few sweat glands and no hair follicles. The epithelium of the vestibule is neither pigmented nor keratinized and contains eccrine glands. Benign vulvar disorders are a significant issue for patients. These disorders include vulvar atrophy, benign tumors, hamartomas and cysts, infectious disorders, and nonneoplastic epithelial disorders. Infectious disorders include diseases caused by known transmissible agents, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. They may first be seen by physicians of various specialties, including dermatologists and gynecologists, and often require a multidisciplinary approach. Developmental abnormalities of vulva are generally rare. Vulvar atrophy may be related to advanced age or other disorders, but these abnormalities often represent an almost physiological finding in the elderly. Benign tumors of the vulva are relatively uncommon and may show nonspecific clinical features. Therefore, a biopsy is often needed to exclude a malignant neoplasm and to indicate proper treatment. Vascular neoplasms may also occur in the vulva and are similar to such lesions found elsewhere. Nonneoplastic epithelial disorders include several inflammatory, ulcerative, and blistering disorders, as well as pigmentary changes involving the vulvar region. Benign vulvar diseasesNonneoplastic epithelial disorders
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